Mathematical functions and procedures in Excel cover a wide range of operations, from basic arithmetic actions to complex calculations involving numbers conversion, combinatorial functions, trigonometry etc.
All of them, in essence, help process numbers in Excel in one way or another.
Below is an overview of key mathematical functions in Excel, excluding basic arithmetic operations and rounding, which are covered in separate sections.
Trigonometric Functions
- ABS: Returns the absolute value of a number.
- ACOS/ACOSH: Return the arccosine and hyperbolic arccosine of a number.
- ACOT/ACOTH: Return the arccotangent and hyperbolic arccotangent of a number.
- ASIN/ASINH: Return the arcsine and hyperbolic arcsine of a number.
- ATAN/ATANH: Return the arctangent and hyperbolic arctangent of a number.
- ATAN2: Returns the arctangent for the specified x and y coordinates.
- COS/COSH: Return the cosine and hyperbolic cosine of a number.
- COT/COTH: Return the cotangent and hyperbolic cotangent of a number.
- CSC/CSCH: Return the cosecant and hyperbolic cosecant of a number.
- SEC/SECH: Return the secant and hyperbolic secant of a number.
- SIN/SINH: Return the sine and hyperbolic sine of a number.
- TAN/TANH: Return the tangent and hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Conversion Functions
- BASE: Converts a number into a text representation in a given base.
- DEC2BIN, DEC2HEX, HEX2DEC: Convert numbers from one numeral system to another.
- DEGREES/RADIANS: Convert radians to degrees and vice versa.
- ARABIC/ROMAN: Convert Roman numerals to Arabic and vice versa.
Combinatorial Functions
- COMBIN/COMBINA: Return the number of combinations and combinations with repetitions for a given number of items.
- FACT/FACTDOUBLE: Return the factorial and double factorial of a number.
- MULTINOMIAL: Returns the multinomial coefficient of a set of numbers.
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
- EXP: Returns the number e raised to a specified power.
- LN/LOG/LOG10: Return the natural logarithm, logarithm with a given base, and the base-10 logarithm of a number.
Random Number Generation Functions
- RAND/RANDARRAY/RANDBETWEEN: Return random numbers within a specified range.
Other Mathematical Functions
- PI: Returns the value of Pi.
- POWER/SQRT/SQRTPI: Return the result of raising a number to a power, the square root, and the square root of (number × Pi).
- MOD: Returns the remainder after division.
- GCD/LCM: Return the greatest common divisor and least common multiple.
- SIGN: Returns the sign of a number.
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